Accommodations, main dining rooms, most food venues, entertainment, pools, fitness center, and kids' clubs are included. Additional costs typically include alcoholic beverages, specialty dining, spa services, shore excursions, and gratuities (though some lines like Virgin Voyages include these).

Casual resort wear for daytime, smart casual for evening dining, swimwear, comfortable walking shoes for excursions, sunscreen, and any formal wear if desired (though not required on most modern cruises).

For "closed-loop" cruises (starting and ending in the same U.S. port) to the Caribbean, Bahamas, or Mexico, a passport is not required but highly recommended. For all other itineraries and the best flexibility, you'll need a valid passport.

For the best cabin selection and pricing, book 6-12 months in advance, especially for peak seasons (summer, holidays, spring break). Last-minute deals exist but with limited availability.

Absolutely! Royal Caribbean and Carnival have excellent kids' clubs and family activities. Virgin Voyages is adults-only (18+).

Modern cruise ships have stabilizers that minimize motion. Choose a mid-ship cabin on a lower deck for the smoothest ride. Seasickness medication, patches, and wristbands are also effective.